PNWE decreased the W/BGP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and inhibited NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, leading to the suppression of BMP-2 transcription and expression. This result means that PNWE has the potential to alleviate the risk of VC by reducing BMP-2 expression.
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233265